Global Warming

Global warming is one of the most serious challenges facing us today. To protect the health and economic well-being of current and future generations, we must reduce our emissions of heat-trapping gases by using the technology, know-how, and practical solutions already at our disposal.

Tropical deforestation is the largest source of emissions for many developing countries, but slowing deforestation can't solve the climate problem by itself. As forest-rich developing countries step up to take responsibility for reducing their emissions, all industrialized nations should not only support their efforts but, most importantly, reduce their own emissions and lead efforts to avert dangerous climate change.

For years we have heard so much about the causes of climate change, that we’ve missed the fact that there are simple, practical solutions that can slow this growing problem. Technologies exist today that can cut emissions of heat-trapping gases and make a real difference in the health of our planet. And these solutions will be good for our economy, reduce our dependence on foreign oil, and enhance our energy security.

Global warming doesn’t just mean balmy February days in northern climes. It also means increasingly hot days in the summer, and a host of negative impacts that are already under way and are expected to intensify in the
coming decades.

-More heat waves will likely increase the risk of heat-related illnesses and deaths.

-Cities and towns along the nation's major rivers will experience more severe and frequent flooding.

-Some areas will likely experience more extensive and prolonged droughts.

-Some of our favorite coastal and low-lying vacation areas, such as parts of the Florida Keys and Cape Cod, will be much less appealing as sea levels rise, dunes erode, and the areas become more vulnerable to coastal storms.

-Many families and businesses, who have made their living from fishing, farming, and tourism could lose their livelihoods, and others who love hunting, boating, skiing, birdwatching, and just relaxing near lakes, streams, and wetlands will see some of their favorite places irretrievably changed.

The solutions to climate change are here and it's time we put them to use. If we get started today we can tackle this problem and decrease the unpleasant outcomes that await us if we do nothing. The steps we need to take are common sense. And, more often than not, they will save consumers money. The cost of inaction, however, is unacceptably high.

The scientific consensus is in. Our planet is warming, and we are helping make it happen by adding more heat-trapping gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), to the atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuel (oil, coal, and natural gas) alone accounts for about 75 percent of annual CO2 emissions from human activities. Deforestation—the cutting and burning of forests that trap and store carbon—accounts for about another 20 percent.

Procrastination is not an option. Scientists agree that if we wait 10, 20, or 50 years, the problem will be much more difficult to address and the consequences for us will be that much more serious.

We're treating our atmosphere like we once did our rivers. We used to dump waste thoughtlessly into our waterways, believing that they were infinite in their capacity to hold rubbish. But when entire fisheries were poisoned and rivers began to catch fire, we realized what a horrible mistake that was.

Our atmosphere has limits too. CO2 remains in the atmosphere for about 100 years. The longer we keep polluting, the longer it will take to recover and the more irreversible damage will be done.

Fuel-efficient vehicles. Renewable energy. Protecting threatened forests. These common sense solutions won't only reduce global warming, many will save us money and create new business opportunities.

Best of all, these solutions exist now. We just need to insist that business and government take the necessary steps to make them available and affordable. Then we have to let consumers know what to do and provide incentives to help all of us make better choices.

The following five sensible steps are available today and can have an enormous impact on the problem CO2 remains in the atmosphere for about 100 years.
EVERYBODY NEEDS FANTASY

Ladies and gentlemen, do you remember the first time you saw magic? Well, when I was a little kid, my kindergarten teacher showed me a trick. That was when I first watched magic. She did this:(performing) "Hey kids, look at this handkerchief. I push this blue handkerchief into my hand, and watch. It's gone! But if you say a magic word, 'abracadabra', you can make it reappear!" I couldn't believe my eyes. And this experience inspired me to start learning magic. Today, however, instead of taking you to the mysterious world of magic, I'd like to discuss how the fantasy of magic can create a more pleasant life.

Now, what is your response when you see a trick like this? Through my experience as a magician, I've found that there are mainly two different types of reactions when people see magic. Let me explain.

The first group of people try to enjoy the illusion. They accept the fantasy of magic, and try to believe what is going on in front of their eyes.

The second group of people don't distinguish the fantasy of magic from the world of reality. They either persist in finding out the secrets of the trick, or have no interest in magic at all. Instead they feel they are cheated by the magician, and therefore they don't enjoy the experience.

Now, which type are you, ladies and gentlemen? Of course for the magician, the first group of people makes the most desirable audience. But in today's busy society, I think the people of group 2 are at a disadvantage because I have a feeling that this attitude has something to do with one of our current problems, that is, 'stress'.

As you know, many of us are under increasing amounts of stress these days. Actually we are living in a very busy society and there are even children who suffer from stomach ulcers, which are considered to be a disease caused by stress. Many of us seek out the ways to alleviate the stress. But I think whether we suffer from stress or not depends largely on our attitude.

For example, the first group of people enjoy everything. They are cheerful, and naturally relaxed. On the other hand the second group of people never leave the world of reality and often try to find fault with everything. For instance, when recommended to try something new, they worry, "Is this going to be fun?" or "Isn't that a waste of time?" And after that, they complain, "I shouldn't have done that!", and feel stress again. Or some people are at a loss as to how to make themselves relaxed, and their free time is spent just lying in front of TV all day, mostly wasting time.

I think people of group 2 lack the spirit of having fun, and that's why they can't relax and be happy. Although they'd like to be relaxed and happy, they make their own situations worse by being critical of everything even when relaxing. They also feel uneasy on the job, always thinking they are too busy, "I need some time to unwind." In spite of this when it comes to their free time, they feel uneasy again, thinking, "Oh, it's not the time to amuse myself. I'd better devote myself to my job."

Of course, it might depend on one's character or the life situation whether you can become the perfect group 1 people. But after all everybody needs fantasy somewhere deep inside, and the essence of relaxation is the spirit of having fun. Movies are a good example. There are so many kinds of movies, and the stories in most movies would hardly ever come true in our daily life. However, do we enjoy them when we are critical of the storyline? Do we enjoy them when we have doubt in our minds? The answer is definitely "No". We enjoy them only by trying to believe the story, by trying to feel as if we are on the screen.

In Japan, working hard without taking a rest is often considered to be a great virtue. Of course, it is important to be diligent, but it's not everything. We also need some time to put everything aside, escape our routine, and just relax. If we can fully appreciate our leisure time, we are refreshed, and can concentrate on our jobs once again. So let's take the opportunity to escape with a spirit of having fun, to live a really happy life.

I myself came to realize how good it is to be a group 1 person through my magic. And as a saying goes, "Everybody loves magicians." I believe magic is one of the best ways to have fun and relax. So I'd like to finish my speech by showing you some of my favorite tricks. (I show the audience a handkerchief) Well, I'm not here today for my magic show, but I stand here just to remind you of one thing. (It immediately changes into a cane.) That is, (I make the flower appear.) "It's time to smell the flowers!" And if you totally enjoyed my speech and magic, —I'm happy to tell you— you are a group 1 person already. Congratulations!


English Prepositions List

There are about 150 prepositions in English. Yet this is a very small number when you think of the thousands of other words (nouns, verbs etc). Prepositions are important words. We use individual prepositions more frequently than other individual words. In fact, the prepositions of, to and in are among the ten most frequent words in English. Here is a short list of 70 of the more common one-word prepositions. Many of these prepositions have more than one meaning. Please refer to a dictionary for precise meaning and usage.
English Prepositions ListedFor a full list of 150 prepositions, try this downloadable ebook, English Prepositions List by English Club founder Josef Essberger:
  • includes one-word and complex prepositions
  • 370 example sentences
  • 200 quiz questions with answers
  • immediate download to your computer
  • read on your computer or print out on paper
  • works on Windows or Mac
Buy online at eslDepot.com
  • aboard
  • about
  • above
  • across
  • after
  • against
  • along
  • amid
  • among
  • anti
  • around
  • as
  • at
  • before
  • behind
  • below
  • beneath
  • beside
  • besides
  • between
  • beyond
  • but
  • by
  • concerning
  • considering
  • despite
  • down
  • during
  • except
  • excepting
  • excluding
  • following
  • for
  • from
  • in
  • inside
  • into
  • like
  • minus
  • near
  • of
  • off
  • on
  • onto
  • opposite
  • outside
  • over
  • past
  • per
  • plus
  • regarding
  • round
  • save
  • since
  • than
  • through
  • to
  • toward
  • towards
  • under
  • underneath
  • unlike
  • until
  • up
  • upon
  • versus
  • via
  • with
  • within
  • without
Prepositions of Place: at, in, on
In general, we use:
  • at for a POINT
  • in for an ENCLOSED SPACE
  • on for a SURFACE
at
in
on
POINT
ENCLOSED SPACE
SURFACE
at the corner
in the garden
on the wall
at the bus stop
in London
on the ceiling
at the door
in France
on the door
at the top of the page
in a box
on the cover
at the end of the road
in my pocket
on the floor
at the entrance
in my wallet
on the carpet
at the crossroads
in a building
on the menu
at the front desk
in a car
on a page
Look at these examples:
  • Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.
  • The shop is at the end of the street.
  • My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.
  • When will you arrive at the office?
  • Do you work in an office?
  • I have a meeting in New York.
  • Do you live in Japan?
  • Jupiter is in the Solar System.
  • The author's name is on the cover of the book.
  • There are no prices on this menu.
  • You are standing on my foot.
  • There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
  • I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London.
Notice the use of the prepositions of place at, in and on in these standard expressions:
at
in
on
at home
in a car
on a bus
at work
in a taxi
on a train
at school
in a helicopter
on a plane
at university
in a boat
on a ship
at college
in a lift (elevator)
on a bicycle, on a motorbike
at the top
in the newspaper
on a horse, on an elephant
at the bottom
in the sky
on the radio, on television
at the side
in a row
on the left, on the right
at reception
in Oxford Street
on the way
Prepositions of Time: at, in, on
We use:
  • at for a PRECISE TIME
  • in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
  • on for DAYS and DATES
at
in
on
PRECISE TIME
MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
DAYS and DATES
at 3 o'clock
in May
on Sunday
at 10.30am
in summer
on Tuesdays
at noon
in the summer
on 6 March
at dinnertime
in 1990
on 25 Dec. 2010
at bedtime
in the 1990s
on Christmas Day
at sunrise
in the next century
on Independence Day
at sunset
in the Ice Age
on my birthday
at the moment
in the past/future
on New Year's Eve
Look at these examples:
  • I have a meeting at 9am.
  • The shop closes at midnight.
  • Jane went home at lunchtime.
  • In England, it often snows in December.
  • Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
  • There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
  • Do you work on Mondays?
  • Her birthday is on 20 November.
  • Where will you be on New Year's Day?
Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:
Expression
Example
at night
The stars shine at night.
at the weekend
I don't usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/Easter
I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time
We finished the test at the same time.
at present
He's not home at present. Try later.
Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:
in
on
in the morning
on Tuesday morning
in the mornings
on Saturday mornings
in the afternoon(s)
on Sunday afternoons
in the evening(s)
on Monday evening
When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.
  • I went to London last June. (not in last June)
  • He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
  • I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
  • We'll call you this evening. (not in this evenin

See also
reposisi menunjukkan hubungan antara dua benda atau lebih. Sebagai contoh: “The lamp is on the table” mengandung preposisi “on“. Kata ini menunjukkan hubungan ruang antara lampu dan meja.
Preposisi tempat yang paling umum adalah: in, on, under, next to, in front of, behind, at.
Perhatikan gambar-gambar berikut untuk mempelajari pemakaian preposisi tempat:
http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/images/prepositionscube_in.gifhttp://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/images/prepositionscube_on.gifhttp://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/images/prepositionscube_under.gifhttp://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/images/prepositionscube_infrontof.gif
http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/images/prepositionscube_behind.gifhttp://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/images/prepositionscube_nextto.gifhttp://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/images/prepositionscube_at.gif
in, on, under, in front of, dan behind jelas terlihat. Contoh-contoh kalimatnya adalah:
- The dog is in the box
- The cat is under the table
- Tjhe man is next to the building
Akan tetapi at merupakan konsep yang lebih abstrak - preposisi ini digunakan untuk menunjuk pada sebuah titik dalam ruang, biasanya sebuah titik pada sebuah garis. Lihat berikut untuk penjelasan yang lebih rinci.
In, On, At
In digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang mengelilingi atau melingkupi kita. Contoh:
- I sleep in my bedroom.
- The desk in the room.
In juga digunakan untuk area-area geografis seperti kota dan negara, misalnya: “I live in London” atau “I live in England”.
On digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang ada di atas sebuah permukaan. Misalnya:
  • I sleep on my bed.
  • The paper is on the desk.
On juga digunakan untuk nama-nama jalan, misalnya: “I live on Orchard Roard”.
At digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang berada pada sebuah titik tertentu, seringkali sebagai bagian dari sebuah garis. Sebagai contoh:
- He is at the bus stop.
Bus stop (penghentian bus) merupakan sebuah titik dalam sebuah garis yang terdiri dari beberapa penghentian bus.
- John is at the bank.
John berada pada tempat atau titik tertentu, yakni di bank. Bank merupakan bagian dari perjalanannya dan juga bagian dari sebuah jalan, yang mana keduanya bisa dianggap sebagai garis.
At juga digunakan untuk alamat-alamat lengkap, contoh: “I live at 22 Orchard Road, London, England.
Bagaimana sebenarnya kita dapat memastikan kapan menggunakan in, on atau at? Ini tergantung pada perspektif pembicara, dan apa yang dianggap berterima dalam Bahasa Inggris. Ini merupakan pertanyaan yang ditemui oleh setiap orang yang mempelajari bahasa Inggris dan mereka tidak dapat menjawab sepenuhnya melalui hafalan atau aturan yang ada. Semakin banyak anda mempelajari bahasa Inggris anda akan semakin berpengalaman untuk mampu memutuskan kapan menggunakan in, on, atau at. Cukup selalu mencoba untuk memahami, dan pada akhirnya anda akan bisa.
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan:
1) Excuse me, where is the post office?
Go straight, and it’s next to the bank.
Thankyou!
2) What’s your address?
I live at 34, East 39th Street, New York.
And what’s your zip code?
My zipcode is NY 10061-2134
Thankyou.
3) Hi Sylvia, where’s the fruit juice?
It’s in the refrigerator!
No, it’s not. It’s not there.
Oh, sorry, it’s in the cupboard next to the soda.
Thanks. And where is the cereal?
Um, on the shelf, I think.
Great! Let’s have some breakfast!
4) Where do you work?
I work in a bank, I’m a secretary. How about you?
I’m a shop assistant. I work at the local store.
Where’s that?
It’s the yellow building on Green Street, next to the clothes store.
Prepositions
Kategori:
Grammar - Dibaca: 2817 kali

Preposition (Kata Depan) adalah kata yang tidak dapat berubah bentuknya dan biasanya di letakkan di depan kata benda atau padanan kata benda lainnya (objek) yang bertujuan untuk menunjukkan hubungannya tertentu dengan kata-kata lain dalam kalimat.
Di bawah ini adalah contoh Kata Depan (Preposition)

above, about, across, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, since, to, toward, through, under, until, up, upon, with, within.

Contoh:
  • It is a container for butter.
    (Preposition "for" menunjukkan hubungan antara "butter" dan "container".)
  • The eagle soared above the clouds.

BENTUK PREPOSITION

Bentuk-bentuk Kata Depan adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Simple Preposition (Kata Depan Tunggal)
  • after, at, by, for, from, of, over, on, in, through, to, off, till, under, up, with, dsb
2. Double Preposition (Kata Depan Ganda)
  • into, onto, from under, from among, from off, from within, over against, dsb
3. Compund Preposition (Kata Depan Majemuk)
  • across (on cross), along (on long), behind (by hind), about (on by out), above (on by up), before (by fore), beneath (by neath), beside (by side), between (by twain), beyond (by yonder), but (by out except), within (with in), without (with out), dsb
4. Participal Preposition (Kata Depan Partisif)
  • pending, during, notwithstanding, past, except, considering, concerning, regarding, dsb
5. Prepositional Phrase (Frase Kata Depan)
  • because of, by means of, in behalf of, in front of, in view of, by reason of, with respect to, with regard to, aith relation to, on behalf of, in spite of, dsb.
6. Disguised Preposition (Kata Depan Tersembunyi)
  • three o'clock (three of clock)
  • Jack o'lantern (Jack of the lantern)
  • He has gone a-hunting (on hunting)

PREPOSITION DI AKHIR KALIMAT

Hindari meletakkan sebuah kata depan di akhir kalimat.Karena kata depan sebaiknya di depan kata benda

Contoh:
  • That is a situation I have not thought of. (SALAH)
  • She is a person I cannot cope with. (SALAH)
  • It is behaviour I will not put up with. (SALAH)
Kalau Anda terbentur pada posisi kata depan yang menurut Anda harus diletakkan di akhir kalimat, maka pindahkan posisinya pada tempat yang tepat dan tidak merubah makna kalimat yang ingin Anda sampaikan.

Contoh:
  • That is a situation of which I have not thought.
  • She is a person with whom I cannot cope.
  • It is behaviour up with which I will not put.
Namun cara yang terbaik adalah dengan mengganti kata agar tidak membingungkan pembaca. Tapi perlu diingat, penggantian kata tersebut tidak merubah makna dan memiliki arti yang sama dengan kata yang ingin kita gantikan. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini untuk menggantikan contoh kalimat di atas.

Contoh:
  • That is a situation I have not considered.
  • It is behaviour I will not tolerate.
·         A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition.
·         A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence as in the following examples:
·         The book is on the table.
·         The book is beneath the table.
·         The book is leaning against the table.
·         The book is beside the table.
·         She held the book over the table.
·         She read the book during class.
·         In each of the preceding sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in space or in time.
·         A prepositional phrase is made up of the preposition, its object and any associated adjectives or adverbs. A prepositional phrase can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. The most common prepositions are "about," "above," "across," "after," "against," "along," "among," "around," "at," "before," "behind," "below," "beneath," "beside," "between," "beyond," "but," "by," "despite," "down," "during," "except," "for," "from," "in," "inside," "into," "like," "near," "of," "off," "on," "onto," "out," "outside," "over," "past," "since," "through," "throughout," "till," "to," "toward," "under," "underneath," "until," "up," "upon," "with," "within," and "without."
·         Each of the highlighted words in the following sentences is a preposition:
·         The children climbed the mountain without fear.
·         In this sentence, the preposition "without" introduces the noun "fear." The prepositional phrase "without fear" functions as an adverb describing how the children climbed.
·         There was rejoicing throughout the land when the government was defeated.
·         Here, the preposition "throughout" introduces the noun phrase "the land." The prepositional phrase acts as an adverb describing the location of the rejoicing.
·         The spider crawled slowly along the banister.
·         The preposition "along" introduces the noun phrase "the banister" and the prepositional phrase "along the banister" acts as an adverb, describing where the spider crawled.
·         The dog is hiding under the porch because it knows it will be punished for chewing up a new pair of shoes.
·         Here the preposition "under" introduces the prepositional phrase "under the porch," which acts as an adverb modifying the compound verb "is hiding."
·         The screenwriter searched for the manuscript he was certain was somewhere in his office.
·         Similarly in this sentence, the preposition "in" introduces a prepositional phrase "in his office," which acts as an adverb describing the location of the missing papers.
Definition: Prepositions are a class of words that indicate relationships between nouns, pronouns and other words in a sentence. Most often they come before a noun. They never change their form, regardless of the case, gender etc. of the word they are referring to.

Some common prepositions are:
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
but
by
despite
down
during
except
for
from
in
inside
into
like
near
of
off
on
onto
out
outside
over
past
since
through
throughout
till
to
toward
under
underneath
until
up
upon
with
within
without.
Prepositions typically come before a noun:
For example:
  • after class
  • at home
  • before Tuesday
  • in London
  • on fire
  • with pleasure
A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence.
For example:
  • The book is on the table.
  • The book is beside the table.
  • She read the book during class.


In each of the preceding sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in space or in time.
Prepositions are classified as simple or compound.
Simple prepositions
Simple prepositions are single word prepositions. These are all showed above.
For example:
  • The book is on the table.
Compound prepositions
Compound prepositions are more than one word. in between and because of are prepositions made up of two words - in front of, on behalf of are prepositions made up of three words.
For example:
  • The book is in between War and Peace and The Lord of the Rings.
  • The book is in front of the clock.
Examples:
  • The children climbed the mountain without fear.
  • There was rejoicing throughout the land when the government was defeated.
  • The spider crawled slowly along the banister.
The following table contains rules for some of the most frequently used prepositions in English:
Prepositions of Time:
English
Usage
Example
  • on
  • days of the week
  • on Monday
  • in
  • months / seasons
  • time of day
  • year
  • after a certain period of time (when?)
  • in August / in winter
  • in the morning
  • in 2006
  • in an hour
  • at
  • for night
  • for weekend
  • a certain point of time (when?)
  • at night
  • at the weekend
  • at half past nine
  • since
  • from a certain point of time (past till now)
  • since 1980
  • for
  • over a certain period of time (past till now)
  • for 2 years
  • ago
  • a certain time in the past
  • 2 years ago
  • before
  • earlier than a certain point of time
  • before 2004
  • to
  • telling the time
  • ten to six (5:50)
  • past
  • telling the time
  • ten past six (6:10)
  • to / till / until
  • marking the beginning and end of a period of time
  • from Monday to/till Friday
  • till / until
  • in the sense of how long something is going to last
  • He is on holiday until Friday.
  • by
  • in the sense of at the latest
  • up to a certain time
  • I will be back by 6 o’clock.
  • By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.
Prepositions of Place:
English
Usage
Example
  • in
  • room, building, street, town, country
  • book, paper etc.
  • car, taxi
  • picture, world
  • in the kitchen, in London
  • in the book
  • in the car, in a taxi
  • in the picture, in the world
  • at
  • meaning next to, by an object
  • for table
  • for events
  • place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)
  • at the door, at the station
  • at the table
  • at a concert, at the party
  • at the cinema, at school, at work
  • on
  • attached
  • for a place with a river
  • being on a surface
  • for a certain side (left, right)
  • for a floor in a house
  • for public transport
  • for television, radio
  • the picture on the wall
  • London lies on the Thames.
  • on the table
  • on the left
  • on the first floor
  • on the bus, on a plane
  • on TV, on the radio
  • by, next to, beside
  • left or right of somebody or something
  • Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.
  • under
  • on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else
  • the bag is under the table
  • below
  • lower than something else but above ground
  • the fish are below the surface
  • over
  • covered by something else
  • meaning more than
  • getting to the other side (also across)
  • overcoming an obstacle
  • put a jacket over your shirt
  • over 16 years of age
  • walk over the bridge
  • climb over the wall
  • above
  • higher than something else, but not directly over it
  • a path above the lake
  • across
  • getting to the other side (also over)
  • getting to the other side
  • walk across the bridge
  • swim across the lake
  • through
  • something with limits on top, bottom and the sides
  • drive through the tunnel
  • to
  • movement to person or building
  • movement to a place or country
  • for bed
  • go to the cinema
  • go to London / Ireland
  • go to bed
  • into
  • enter a room / a building
  • go into the kitchen / the house
  • towards
  • movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)
  • go 5 steps towards the house
  • onto
  • movement to the top of something
  • jump onto the table
  • from
  • in the sense of where from
  • a flower from the garden



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